Due to a malfunction you cannot access webmail from outside TU campus or without eduVPN. People from ICT and Microsoft are looking into the matter. Check Reports ICT for latest updates.
Update
You can access webmail without eduVPN using owa.tudelft.nl. However, it works only if you have MFA already set up.
Check ICT manuals on how to setup MFA or watch this video from Microsoft.
Your username for MFA is your NetID followed by @tudelft.nl. Your NetID is your TU Delft account which you use to access online TU services like Brightspace, Software portal, Webprint portal, etc.